TADM2E 4.46

The first solution was so wrong I was compelled to answer this question correctly.

The original poster needs to have his posting privileges SEVERELY limited for the sake of limiting stupid activites whenever possible. 

Question: You are given 12 coins. One of them is heavier or lighter than the rest. Identify this coin in just three weighings

Solution: Number the coins 1 through 12 and divide them coins into 4 sets of 3...

There are multiple comparison sets possible. This is an acceptable template to find a few of them. (This template is NOT definitive, there are other solutions that don't follow this template)

Compare   (set 1 & 1st coin from set 4)  against  (set 2 + 2nd coin from set 4)
Compare   (set 1 & 2nd coin from set 4)  against  (set 3 + 1st coin from set 4)
Compare   (1st coin from each set)       against  (3rd coin from each set)

A more concise example:

Compare   1 2 3 10  against  4 5 6 11
Compare   1 2 3 11  against  7 8 9 10
Compare   1 4 7 10  against  3 6 9 12

Each weighing can have 3 possible outcomes: Left Heavy, Right Heavy, or Balanced (L,R or B)

Build a truth table to interpret outcomes...many outcomes are not possible. Note: THE TABLE VALUES ARE DERIVED FROM THE CHOSEN COMPARISON SETS!

outcome:    fake coin:
l l l       1 is heavy
r r r       1 is light
l l b       2 is heavy
r r b       2 is light
l l r       3 is heavy
r r l       3 is light
r b l       4 is heavy
l b r       4 is light
r b b       5 is heavy
l b b       5 is light
r b r       6 is heavy
l b l       6 is light
b r l       7 is heavy
b l r       7 is light
b r b       8 is heavy
b l b       8 is light
b r r       9 is heavy 
b l l       9 is light
r l r       10 is heavy
l r l       10 is light
l r b       11 is heavy
r l b       11 is light
b b r       12 is heavy
b b l       12 is light 

There are multiple comparison set possibilities, each with their own comparison table solution.